Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield components in maize zea mays l. To benefit from heterosis, breeders combine the socalled heterotic groups. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield. Heterosis and combining ability studies for sugar content in. Can we improve heterosis for root growth of maize by selecting. Heterosis and combining ability of elite maize inbred. High heterosis estimates have been observed for yield in crosses between races of maize. Heterosis and combining ability of seven maize germplasm. The genome sequence of a typical female line, b73, was previously released. The full text of this article is available as a pdf 1. Qtl mapping and the genetic basis of heterosis in maize and rice antonio augusto franco garcia.
Hybrid vigor, heterosis, and genetic parameters in maize. A 10 parent diallel cross of maize inbreds and their 45f1s were assessed for the heterosis and combining ability for yield and its attributing traits during rainy kharif 2006 and winter rabi season 200607. The use of heterosis has been intensively explored. Genomic dosage effects on heterosis in triploid maize. If we want to combine both processes, mutation and selection, we encounter. The application of heterosis has revolutionized production of several major crops, including maize, rice. Khaleque mian 2, nasrin akter ivy 2, jalal uddin ahmed 3. Several maize researchers also found statistically significant differences between the genotypes for grain yield and yield related traits in their study on heterosis and combining ability of maize dagne et al. Estimation of heterosis in yield and yield attributing.
Heterosis for yield and agronomic attributes in diverse. Heterosis and heterotic patterns among maize landraces for. Inbred lines for grain yield and yield related traits in central rift valley of ethiopia abstract a line x tester analysis involving forty eight test. Seed of inbred were planted in spring and fall season of 20. Heterosis is directly proportional to the number of dominant genes contributed by each parent 18. Environmental issues corn distribution physiological aspects crop yields measurement research.
The present investigation entitled studies on combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Heterotic qtl for grain yield mapped near low r pericentromeric regions i. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and quality in maize zea mays l. Pdf combining ability and heterosis in quality protein maize. Merge gbs of ames and nam to directly map a herbicide sensitivity locus. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse. Gowen and published by iowa state university press. The analysis of heterosis for multiple traits in a large set of hybrids reveals that maize hybrids exhibit betterparent heterosis for nearly any trait in nearly every hybrid. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of field crop sciences department, college of agriculture university of baghdad. To better understand the physiological mechanisms underlying the differential response of a maize hybrid cg60 x mbs1236 and its parental inbred lines to shading stress, studies were conducted in a field hydroponic. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. In maize, appreciable and dominance gene actions were responsible for the control of the traits. Original article, report by advances in environmental biology.
Combining ability performance and heterotic grouping of maize zea. Plant breeders have widely exploited and used heterosis in boosting up yield of many crops. The objectives of this study were to analyze the combining ability and heterosis of seven representative maize germplasm populations, and further, to evaluate their potential utility in germplasm improvement. To this end, we analyzed the 1,999 mphcorrelated genes from thiemann et al. Investigations of the phenomenon have followed two separate courses. Heterosis, combining ability, gene effect, diallel analysis, maize. Superiority of dominant alleles over recessive alleles 3.
K sadaiah1, v narsimha reddy2 and s sudheer kumar3 1ph. Table m means of 55 single above diagonal specific combining ability effects estimates below diagonal and general combining ability effects estimates for grain yield qha evaluated at six locations. Heterosis and combining ability in diallel crosses involving maize. Extensive intraspecific gene order and gene structural. Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region. Methods the inbred lines from an association mapping panel were crossed to a common inbred line, b73, to generate nearly 300 hybrid genotypes. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component characters in maize m. Maize exhibits heterosis for all traits and the extent of heterosis is significantly variable depending on the choice of parents and the traits measured. The present study was carried out to determine the combining ability of yield and yield components by crossing six diverse maize inbred lines in a half diallel mating design. Rohman plant breeding division, bangladesh agricultural research institute joydebpur, gazipur, bangladesh abstract. The exploitation of heterosis is possible only when the. Genomic dosage effects on heterosis in triploid maize hong yao, anjali dogra gray, donald l. Combining ability and heterosis analysis of single cross hybrids of maize zea mays l. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize.
Uniting the worlds maize diversity for dissection of complex trait and accelerating breeding. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance, overdominance, and pseudooverdominance. Selected references these references are in pubmed. Wellhausen 1965 observed heterosis of the order of. The objective of this study was to quantify the response of heterosis for grain yield to increasing plant density, and to examine the processes. Various heterosis constants for resistance in maize to leaf discolored 75% or more and s. Qtl mapping and the genetic basis of heterosis in maize. Heterosis has been used in the breeding and production of many crop and animal. Understanding the combining ability and heterosis of available germplasm is a prerequisite for successful maize improvement and breeding.
Physiological basis of heterosis for grain yield in maize. Heterosis in rnaize single crosses derived from ayellow. The hybrid cml269 x nm and cml251 x nm exhibited significant and positive heterosis for grain yield over mid parent, better parent and checks, whereas, gwl7 x nm, cml286 x nm and cml292 x nm showed significant. Pdf combining ability, gene action and heterosis in. Heterosis and heterotic patterns among maize landraces for forage lopez cesar gabriel 1, bertoia luis maximo 1, and burak ruggero 1 abstract corn silage is a highquality forage crop used in many areas of the world. Heterosis dominated the thinking of plant and animal geneticists in the 1940s and 1950s as evidenced by the now classic book entitled heterosis edited by john w. Melchinger1, 1 institute for plant breeding, seed science, and population genetics. Pdf standard heterosis for grain yield in maize hybrids. Discussion the fi rst corn inbreds were very low yielding because of deleterious recessive genes and poor adaptedness. The first has been largely descriptive and concerned with the frequency and. Heterosis in rnaize single crosses derived from ayellow tuxpefio variety in brazil elto eugenio gomes e gama 1, amei roy hallaue. Duvick introduction hybrid vigor, or heterosis, usually refers to the increase in size or rate of growth of offspring over parents.
Combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield. Combining ability performance and heterotic grouping of maize zea mays inbred lines in testcross. Chambers, et al, 4, reported that in hogs, hybrid vigor is evident in number of pigs per litter, and litter weights at birth but it increases. Maize is a model system for studying heterosis due to the high levels of yield heterosis and commercial use of hybrids.
Combining ability for growth parameter and yield components were evaluated in a 7. Heterosis has been extensively studied in maize maydica 50 2005. Formation of heterotic groups and understanding genetic. Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea maysl. Jan 27, 2017 understanding the combining ability and heterosis of available germplasm is a prerequisite for successful maize improvement and breeding. In brazil, the first research with hybrid maize began in 1933 at the instituto agronomico in campinas, sp. Heterosis was evaluated for seventeen phenotypic traits in multiple environments. Despite its importance in maize production, we know surprisingly little about the genetic basis of heterosis. Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, refers to the phenomenon which describes the superiority of f 1 hybrid performance over the mean of its parents midparent heterosis, mph theoretically, or over the performance of better parents figure 1. We will discuss the results from maize gwas for traits involved in heterosis and carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The average heterosis were 1758 kg ha1, 1520 kg ha1 and 1640 kg ha1, respectively. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize zea.
Estimation of combining ability and heterosis for quantitative traits in maize zea mays l. The objective of this study was to determine combining ability and heterosis of 18 elite maize inbred lines in environments prone to northern corn leaf blight nclb disease in the midaltitude tropics. An offspring is heterotic if its traits are enhanced as a result of mixing the genetic contributions of its parents. Heterosis is due to masking of deleterious recessive alleles by dominant alleles 4. It is a versatile crop with wider genetic variability and able to grow successfully throughout the world covering tropical, subtropical and temperate. However, the effects of dominance gene action percentage of combining ability and heterosis for yield and were preponderant in the genetic control of all the traits. Testers were needed to predict their usefulness in hybrids. Estimates of heterosis and combining ability for resistance. In addition, many products such as oil, starch, gluten, alcohol, glucose and ethanol are obtained as a maize products.
In first season, seeds were planted, and at anthesis crossing between. Heterosis and combining ability in maize zea mays l. Information on the heterotic patterns and combing ability among maize germplasm is essential in maximizing the effectiveness of hybrid development beck et al. Despite the importance of heterosis, the molecular basis of this phenomenon is unclear 67. Heterosis and combining ability for yield and its related.
Heterosis and combining ability is prerequisite for developing a good economically viable maize variety. Most of the traits measured in this study exhibit betterparent heterosis in over 90% of the tested hybrids. Combining ability estimation are important genetic attributes for maize breeders in anticipating improvement in productivity via hybridization and selection. Heterosis and combining ability for yield and its components. Maize, heterosis, combining ability, gene action, yield maize zea mays l. The objective of this study was to quantify the physiological basis of heterosis for grain yield in maize by examining maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines in terms of grain yield and its component processes, dry matter accumulation dma at maturity, and the partitioning of dma to the grain i. This work resulted in the production of the first brazilian maize double hybrid in 1939 by krug and coworkers. Heterosis expression in maize populations 519 scientia agricola, v. In maize, it is estimated that the use of hybrids and heterosis. Genomewide metaanalysis of maize heterosis reveals the. Pdf combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Physiological mechanisms underlying heterosis for shade. Information on heterosis and combining ability among maize germplasm is essential in maximizing the effectiveness of hybrid development. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of maize zea mays l.
After maize hybrid was first utilized in field on a large scale in usa in 1930s, heterosis of other crops such as rice, sorghum, rape, and vegetable etc began to be widely used in production, and had made great achievements in crop breeding by the end of last century, mainly contributed to notable increasing of crop yield. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and. Heterosis and the nature and combining ability was studied in 7. Heterosis and combining ability in crosses between two groups. Up to now the phenomenon of heterosis in corn has been explained mainly. Commercial exploitation of heterosis is feasible in maize due to floral morphology and high rate of cross pollination. The information generated by this study could be useful for researchers who need to develop high yielding maize hybrids.
Buy heterosis and combining ability in maize zea mays l. Combining ability and heterosis in maize zea mays l. Maize is an important crop with a high level of genome diversity and heterosis. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize germplasm sherry a. If mphcorrelated genes contribute significantly to heterosis, this role should be interpretable in terms of quantitative genetics. The estimates of midparent heterosis for the 54 crosses between two groups of parental populations are shown in table 3 for the two locations l1 and l2 and for the combined analysis. Response of yield heterosis to increasing plant density in. Uniting the worlds maize diversity for dissection of. Standard heterosis of maize by alexander decker issuu. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and component.
Birchler1 division of biological sciences, university of missouri, columbia, mo 65211 contributed by james a. Information on the heterotic patterns and combing ability among maize germplasm is essential in maximizing the. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and quality. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability in maize zea mays l. The objective of this study was to quantify the physiological basis of heterosis for grain yield in maize by examining maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines in terms of grain yield and its component processes. Openpollinated varieties were fi rst used as testers hayes and. Harlapur2 1department of genetics and plant breeding, college of agriculture, uas, dharwad580005, karnataka, india. Heterosis in yellow maize 1 ae sharief, 1se elkalla, 2he gado and 2hae aboyousef 1agronomy dept. Heterosis and combining ability studies in maize zea mays l. Estimates of heterosis and combining ability for resistance of maize to colletotrichum graminicola. Shull 1952 coined the term heterosis and defined it as. Feeding people and protecting natural resources 1 donald n.
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